CBS LINE

  CBS LINE Volume 4(5) Prof. M K Sukumaran Nair Former director of Centre for Budget Studies 1.Kerala is often recognized for its achievements in education, healthcare, and social welfare, yet concerns regarding unemployment, migration, and fiscal stress continue to grow. From your perspective, what structural changes are most essential for sustaining Kerala’s development model in the coming decades? Respondent: Traditionally, Kerala's developmental success has been concentrated in its social sectors. The state has lagged in industrialization and agriculture; its industrial performance remains inadequate, while the agricultural sector has virtually stagnated or declined. Although the services sector has surged, low-value-added services account for most of this growth. Instead, foreign remittances have acted as the primary economic escalator. However, because these remittances are highly vulnerable to external economic shocks, the sustainable way forward f...

CBS LINE Volume 4(5) Cultural Infrastructure as a Foundation for Social Wellbeing Dr. Praveena K Assistant Professor Department of Economics, NSS College, Cherthala Cultural infrastructure has become an essential part of sustainable development in today’s world which is characterised by fast urbanization, globalization, and technological growth. The significance of cultural infrastructure is fetching more widely acknowledged, even though governments regularly give priority to physical infrastructure like roads, bridges, and digital networks. Cultural infrastructure, at its most basic, is the support system for a community’s cultural life (Sustainability Directory). It includes the physical and institutional spaces—such as museums, libraries, theatres, art galleries, historical sites, cultural centres, and performance venues which facilitate cultural activities. These places support social inclusion, endorse innovation, protect cultural heritage, and greatly advance economic growth. Inv...

  CBS LINE Volume 4(5) Shifting Leaves from Wet to Dry: A Short Story of Climate Change in the Western Ghat Mountains of South India Rahul N R Research Scholar Centre for Budget Studies, CUSAT The Western Ghats are a string of evergreen mountain ranges that extends from the Satpura range of Gujarat to the Nilgiris of Tamil Nadu. It lies along the western coast, facing the Arabian Sea. The Ghats are widely known for their steep slopes and deep valleys. The mountain ranges have unique, ecologically sensitive landscapes: diverse forests, rivers, and waterfalls. These features support a major share of the world’s richest biodiversity, including numerous endemic species found nowhere else. Monsoon rainfall keeps the mountains green and fertile, helping sustain ecosystems year after year. Approximately 30% of India’s plant species are found in the Western Ghats, and 70% of this flora has medicinal value. Agriculture is the backbone of many local livelihoods. Fertile valleys and heavy m...

  CBS LINE Volume 4(5) Consumer Impulse Buying Behavior: A Study Based on Empirical Findings Niyafa Nasreen M A Economics Farook College Consumer impulse buying behavior refers to unplanned and spontaneous purchases driven by emotional, psychological, and environmental factors. In the modern era, impulse buying has increased significantly due to advancements in marketing strategies, digital platforms, and changing consumer lifestyles. Businesses actively design retail environments and promotional strategies to stimulate such behavior. The present study reveals that impulse buying is more prevalent among younger individuals, especially students, who are highly exposed to social and digital influences. Their engagement with trends, technology, and peer groups increases their tendency to make spontaneous purchases. Gender differences are also evident, with female consumers showing a relatively higher inclination toward impulse buying compared to males. Similarly, unmarried individ...

CBS LINE Volume 4(5) 🏛️ ECONOMIC POLICY 👑 Gold import duty hiked: 6% → 15% 🤝 US-India tariffs: 50% → 18% (deal progressing) 👉 Do this: Don't buy gold now. Exporters: find new markets. 💳 FINTECH 🏦 Freo acquires IndiaLends – 50M+ user platform 🤖 AI to unlock $130-170B MSME credit gap 📉 Crypto ban likely – 6-month exit window expected 👉 Do this: Compare loan rates. Crypto holders: prepare to exit 🌍 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS 🛢️ Brent crude near $106 – Strait of Hormuz blocked ⛽ Petrol now ₹97.77, diesel ₹90.67 (₹3 hike) 👉 Do this: Carpool. Use public transport. Save fuel 📊 MACRO UPDATE 🏦 RBI holds repo at 5.25% 📈 WPI at 8.3% (42-month high) | CPI at 3.48% 💸 Rupee at 96 per dollar (record low) 🥛 Milk +₹3/litre | Heatwave + power shortage 👉 Do this: Kill credit card debt. Lock home loans. Expect higher food & power bills Roshni Thayyil Msc Econometrics and Financial Technology

CBS LINE Volume 4(5) Nandumon Sabu & Merin George MSc in Econometrics and Finanacial Technology

   CBS LINE Volume 4(5) Quiz Corner Start Quiz Manjima E R MSc in Econometrics and Financial Technology Previous Next Your Score: /10 Restart

   CBS LINE Volume 4(5) 📚 Upcoming Exams – June 2026 State Public Service & Uniformed Forces Exam / Recruitment Exam Date Kerala PSC Block Prelims SI of Police, Excise Inspector, Special Branch Assistant,       Junior Assistant/Clerk Grade II June 6, 2026 1:30 PM – 3:05 PM UP Police Constable June 8–9, 2026 UP TGT (Trained Graduate Teacher) June 3–4, 2026 BPSC Stenographer ...

   CBS LINE Volume 4(5) 📢 Upcoming Conferences – June 2026 📅 June 6, 2026 National Conference on Business Management and Social Innovation (NCBMSI) – Chandigarh National Conference on Social Science and Economics (NCSSE) – Chandigarh National Conference on Business Management and Social Innovation (NCBMSI) – Jaipur National Conference on Business, Economics, Social Science and Humanities (NCBESSH) – Jaipur International Conference on Digital Transformation in Business and Entrepreneurship (ICDTBE) – Jaipur International Conference on Banking Regulation and Compliance Frameworks (ICBRCF) – Pondicherry International Conference on Women Entrepreneurs and Global Business (ICWEGB) – Hyderabad International Conference on Global Financial Markets and Economic Policy (ICGFMEP) – Lucknow National Conference on Business, Economics, Social Science and Humanities (NCBESSH) – Visakhapatnam ...

Dr. S Muraleedharan Retired Head of Department, Maharajas College 1.Economic growth in many developing economies has been accompanied by rising inequality and uneven regional development. In your view, what macroeconomic policy interventions are most critical to ensure that growth becomes more inclusive and benefits marginalized sections of society? Respondent: We have to discuss about four important areas related to Indian economy. One related to inclusive growth, and the other related to the question about keeping a balance between growth and stability. The third issue is related to product-linked incentive and its impact on Indian economy. And the fourth issue is related to the impact of weakening of Indian currency and the possible monetary policy that the central bank of the country is going to follow. If one considers the first issue of inclusive growth globally, there are six pillars of inclusion. They are access, attitude, choice, partnership, commun...

CBS LINE Volume 4(4) Digital Pathways to Green Destinations: Synergizing Technology and Sustainability in Tourism Development Dr. Sindhuja M  Assistant Professor Department of Economics, NSS College Cherthala The global tourism industry plays a significant role in the economy by contributing to around 10% of the world’s GDP and employing one-tenth of the workforce globally (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2024), although according to lifecycle analyses, it emits around 8% of the world’s greenhouse gases (Lenzen et al., 2018). Given that just 35% of SDG goals are on target, and 18% are going in the wrong direction (UNDESA, 2025), sustainable tourism and greener technology present a bright future ahead. Sustainable tourism takes care of economic, socio-cultural, and environmental consequences and satisfies the needs of travellers and hosts (Damiasih, 2025). Green technology includes renewable energy, intelligent structures, digital technology, and artificial intelligence (Baltac...